The Botanical Gardens Calcutta, officially known as the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, is one of India’s oldest and most stunning green spaces. Spanning over 270 acres on the banks of the River Hooghly, this historic garden is home to more than 12,000 species of plants, including exotic palms, orchids, and the world-famous Great Banyan Tree, which covers over 3 acres alone.

Founded in 1787 during the British era, the garden was originally created to study and cultivate economically important plants like tea, coffee, and spices. Today, it serves as a peaceful retreat for nature lovers, botanists, and photographers seeking calm amid the city’s hustle. Whether you’re exploring its serene lakes, lush walkways, or rare plant collections, the Botanical Gardens Calcutta promises a refreshing and educational experience that blends nature, history, and biodiversity beautifully.

Introduction: A Living Museum of Flora

Nestled on the western bank of the Hooghly River in Shibpur, Howrah, the Botanical Gardens span over 270 acres and house more than 12,000 plant species. Established in 1787 by Colonel Robert Kyd, the garden was initially intended to promote the cultivation of commercial plants like teak and spices. Today, it stands as a green sanctuary for botanists, photographers, families, and eco-tourists.

Historical Significance

• Founded: 1787 by Colonel Robert Kyd
• Colonial Legacy: Expanded under Sir George King, a pioneer in Indian botany
• Renaming: In honor of Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose, a renowned Indian scientist
• Scientific Contributions: Played a key role in the introduction of tea cultivation in India

Key Attractions

1. The Great Banyan Tree – Botanical Gardens Calcutta

The crown jewel of the Botanical Gardens Calcutta is the legendary Great Banyan Tree, often mistaken for a forest due to its sprawling canopy. With over 3,600 aerial roots and a coverage of more than 4 acres, it holds the record for the largest tree in the world by canopy size. This botanical marvel has survived lightning strikes and cyclones, symbolizing resilience and natural grandeur. Visitors can walk around its circular pathway to truly grasp its scale—a must-see for nature lovers and photographers.

• Largest banyan tree in the world by canopy size
• Covers over 4 acres
• Appears as a forest with over 3,600 aerial roots

2. Palm Avenue

Palm Avenue is a majestic corridor lined with towering palm trees that create a symmetrical, cathedral-like canopy. This serene walkway is ideal for morning strolls, romantic walks, and Instagram-worthy shots. The avenue showcases a variety of palm species, including Royal and Talipot palms, offering a glimpse into tropical biodiversity. Its tranquil ambiance makes it one of the most photogenic and peaceful spots in the garden.

• A majestic walkway lined with towering palm trees
• Ideal for photography and peaceful strolls

3. Orchid House

The Orchid House is a treasure trove of exotic and indigenous orchid species, blooming in vibrant hues during the cooler months. Carefully curated and climate-controlled, this section is a paradise for botany enthusiasts and floral photographers. From rare Himalayan orchids to tropical varieties, the collection reflects India’s floral diversity. Visiting during peak bloom season (November to February) ensures a visual feast of color and fragrance.

• Home to rare and exotic orchid species
• Seasonal blooms offer vibrant photo opportunities

4. Bonsai Garden – Botanical Gardens Calcutta

The Bonsai Garden is a showcase of miniature artistry, where full-grown trees are cultivated in small pots to mimic their natural forms. This section highlights the precision and patience involved in bonsai cultivation, with species like ficus, juniper, and pine shaped into elegant forms. It’s a favorite among gardening enthusiasts and offers a meditative experience for visitors seeking quiet reflection.

• Features miniature trees cultivated with precision
• A favorite among gardening enthusiasts

5. Herbarium and Library

For those interested in academic exploration, the Herbarium and Botanical Library provide access to thousands of preserved plant specimens and rare botanical texts. Researchers, students, and curious travelers can delve into centuries of plant documentation, including colonial-era records and modern ecological studies. Guided tours are available for educational groups, making this a hub for scientific learning within the garden.

• Houses preserved plant specimens and botanical literature
• Useful for researchers and students

Comparison Table: Botanical Gardens vs Other Kolkata Parks

Best Time to Visit

• October to March: Pleasant weather and blooming season
• Avoid Monsoon: June to September can be muddy and humid

Timings & Entry Fee

• Open Hours: 6:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Tripoto) / 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM (YoMetro) – confirm locally
• Entry Fee: ₹10 per person, ₹20 for camera
• Closed: Some sources mention weekends closed—check before visiting

Things to Do

• Nature walks and photography
• Bird-watching (especially near lakes)
• Visit the Bonsai and Orchid gardens
• Explore the Palm Avenue and Great Banyan Tree
• Buy plant saplings and seeds from the souvenir shop

How to Reach

Travel Tips

• Carry water and hats to protect from heat
• No food allowed inside—eat before entering
• Wear comfortable walking shoes
• Wheelchair-accessible paths available
• Photography is allowed but requires a fee

Unique Flora to Spot

• Exotic Palms: Including Talipot and Royal Palms
• Medicinal Plants: Neem, Tulsi, and Ashwagandha
• Aquatic Plants: Lotus, Water Lilies
• Rare Trees: Mahogany, Teak, and Cannonball Tree

Photography Tips

• Early morning light is best for capturing the banyan tree
• Use macro lens for orchids and bonsai
• Palm Avenue offers symmetrical compositions
• Avoid weekends for crowd-free shots

Educational Value

• Ideal for botany students and researchers
• Herbarium offers preserved specimens
• Guided tours available for academic groups

Souvenirs & Shopping

• Saplings and seeds available at the entrance
• Eco-friendly gift items
• Books on Indian flora

Nearby Attractions

Victoria Memorial:

Located just across the Hooghly River, Belur Math is a spiritual and architectural marvel founded by Swami Vivekananda. The serene campus blends Hindu, Christian, and Islamic motifs, symbolizing universal harmony. Visitors can enjoy peaceful riverfront views, attend evening prayers, and explore the museum dedicated to Ramakrishna Mission’s legacy. It’s a perfect complement to the Botanical Gardens, offering spiritual calm after a day of nature exploration.

Belur Math: Spiritual center on the opposite bank

One of India’s most iconic landmarks, the Howrah Bridge connects Kolkata and Howrah over the Hooghly River. Just a short drive from the gardens, this cantilever bridge is a marvel of engineering and a bustling hub of local life. Visit during sunrise or sunset for stunning views and vibrant street photography. It’s also a great spot to observe Kolkata’s daily rhythm, from flower vendors to ferry boats.

Howrah Bridge: Iconic landmark

A blend of Mughal and British architecture, the Victoria Memorial is a grand marble structure surrounded by lush gardens. Located about 10 km from the Botanical Gardens, it houses a museum with colonial-era artifacts, paintings, and sculptures. The surrounding lawns are perfect for picnics and photography, especially during winter when the flowers are in full bloom. It’s a must-visit for history buffs and architecture enthusiasts.

Indian Museum: For history buffs

As India’s oldest and largest museum, the Indian Museum offers a deep dive into archaeology, anthropology, and natural history. From Egyptian mummies to Buddhist relics, the exhibits span centuries and continents. Located in central Kolkata, it’s easily accessible from the Botanical Gardens and provides a rich cultural counterpoint to the natural wonders of Shibpur.

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Final Thoughts

The Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanical Garden—popularly known as the Botanical Gardens Calcutta—is not just a tourist spot; it’s a living archive of India’s botanical legacy. From the awe-inspiring Great Banyan Tree to the tranquil Palm Avenue and vibrant Orchid House, every corner of this 270-acre green haven offers a unique experience for nature lovers, photographers, families, and researchers alike.

Whether you’re planning a weekend getaway, a photography walk, or an educational tour, the Botanical Gardens in Kolkata deliver a perfect blend of history, biodiversity, and serenity. Its proximity to iconic landmarks like Belur Math, Howrah Bridge, and Victoria Memorial makes it an ideal anchor for a full-day itinerary in the city.

For travelers searching “best nature spots in Kolkata,” “Botanical Gardens Calcutta guide,” or “things to do near Howrah,” this destination checks every box. With affordable entry, wheelchair-accessible paths, and rich flora, it’s one of the most rewarding places to explore in West Bengal.

👉 Plan your visit between October and March for the best experience. Don’t forget your camera, walking shoes, and a sense of wonder

FAQs

1. What is the Botanical Gardens Calcutta famous for?

• The Botanical Gardens Calcutta is renowned for the Great Banyan Tree, the largest tree in the world by canopy size, and its vast collection of over 12,000 plant species.

2. Where is the Botanical Gardens located in Kolkata?

• It is located in Shibpur, Howrah, on the western bank of the Hooghly River, approximately 9 km from Howrah Railway Station.

3. What are the opening hours of the Botanical Gardens Calcutta?

• The garden is generally open from 6:00 AM to 5:00 PM, though some sources mention 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM. It’s best to confirm locally before visiting.

4. Is there an entry fee for the Botanical Gardens Kolkata?

• Yes, the entry fee is ₹10 per person, and an additional ₹20 is charged for carrying a camera.

5. What is the best time to visit the Botanical Gardens Calcutta?

• The ideal time to visit is between October and March, when the weather is pleasant and many plants are in bloom.

6. Can I take photographs inside the Botanical Gardens?

• Yes, photography is allowed, but visitors must pay a camera fee of ₹20. Drones are not permitted.

7. Is the Botanical Gardens wheelchair accessible?

• Yes, the garden has wheelchair-friendly paths, making it accessible for differently-abled visitors.

8. Are food and drinks allowed inside the Botanical Gardens?

• No, outside food and drinks are not allowed. Visitors are advised to eat before entering.

9. Can I bring pets to the Botanical Gardens Calcutta?

• Pets are not allowed inside the garden premises to protect plant life and maintain cleanliness.

10. Is there parking available at the Botanical Gardens?

• Yes, paid parking is available near the entrance for both two-wheelers and four-wheelers.

11. What is the Great Banyan Tree and why is it special?

• The Great Banyan Tree is over 250 years old and covers more than 4 acres, appearing like a forest due to its 3,600+ aerial roots.

12. Are guided tours available at the Botanical Gardens?

• Yes, guided tours are available for educational groups and researchers. Prior booking may be required.

13. What types of plants can I see in the Botanical Gardens?

• You’ll find exotic palms, orchids, bonsai trees, medicinal herbs, aquatic plants, and rare trees like mahogany and cannonball.

14. Is the Botanical Gardens suitable for kids and families?

• Absolutely! It’s a family-friendly destination with open spaces, educational exhibits, and safe walking paths.

15. How do I reach the Botanical Gardens from central Kolkata?

• You can reach via cab, bus, or metro. The nearest metro station is Rabindra Sadan, followed by a short cab ride.

16. Are there any souvenir shops inside the Botanical Gardens?

• Yes, there’s a small shop near the entrance selling plant saplings, seeds, and eco-friendly souvenirs.

17. Can I organize a picnic inside the Botanical Gardens?

• Picnics are not allowed to preserve the garden’s ecological balance. Visitors are encouraged to enjoy quiet walks and photography.

18. What are some nearby attractions to visit after the Botanical Gardens?

• Nearby attractions include Belur Math, Howrah Bridge, Victoria Memorial, and the Indian Museum—all within a short drive.

19. Is the Botanical Gardens open on weekends?

• Some sources mention weekend closures, while others list it as open daily. It’s best to check with local authorities before planning a weekend visit.

20. Why is the Botanical Gardens Calcutta important for research?

• It houses a Herbarium and Botanical Library with thousands of preserved specimens and texts, making it a hub for botanical research and education.